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The "fortifs" and the "zone"

A no-man's-land where building was not allowed, the "zone" was a 300-meter-wide ring that surrounded Paris beyond the abandoned Thiers' fortifications or "fortifs" as they were known. This is where the ragpickers gathered to live and sort through their finds. Eugène Atget, a tireless photographer of Paris, is one of the few photographers to have taken an interest in the "zone" at the turn of the 20th century.

The ragpicker's daughter

Un soir d'hiver par une nuit pâlotte
Elle naquit, n'ayant pour tout berceau
Qu'un tas d'chiffons oubliés dans la hotte
Que le papa reprenait sur son dos
Là maintenant faites mander la famille
A peine minuit du courage au labeur
Et tout heureux de posséder une fille
Le chiffonnier chantait la joie au cœur :

Montre, fouille les vieux chiffons
Les vieilles loques, les guenilles
C'est pour ma gosse aux cheveux blonds
Pour élever mon trésor, ma fille
Que je trime ainsi jusqu'au jour
Où cette enfant, ma seule richesse
Courageuse et forte à son tour
Sera mon bâton de vieillesse

Le chiffonnier reçut un jour une lettre
C'était sa fille qui lui disait ceci :
Pardonne-moi et daigne me permettre
De t'expliquer ma fuite du logis
J'ai un amant plusieurs fois millionnaire,
J'ai domestiques, voiture, diamants
Si vous voulez dès demain ne rien faire
Maman et toi vous aurez de l'argent

De l'argent ? On.... les vieux chiffons
Répondit l'père plein de rage
Tu peux garder tous tes millions,
Tes valets, tes équipages
T'as vendu ta beauté, ton cœur
Désormais, tu n'es plus ma fille
Mais sache que souvent l'honneur
Se cache sous une guenille

A French song by Adolphe Bérard

Chiiiiiiiiffonnier !

Chiiiiiiiiffonnier !

The ragpicker's badge

The ragpicker's badge

A guild

A guild

A philosopher

A philosopher

The rag-and-bone man's round

The rag-and-bone man's round

Bad times for the rag-and-bone men

Bad times for the rag-and-bone men

The "fortifs" and the "zone"

The "fortifs" and the "zone"

The ragpickers' territory

The ragpickers' territory

Les Chiffonniers d'Emmaüs

Les Chiffonniers d'Emmaüs

Jopie Huisman, ragpicker-painter

Jopie Huisman, ragpicker-painter

Modern times

Modern times

List of all works

01 - Porte d'Asnières, Cité Valmy: ragpickers
Eugène Atget

© Eugène Atget / Musée Carnavalet / Roger-Viollet

02 - Porte d'Asnières, Cité Valmy: ragpickers
Eugène Atget
© Eugène Atget / Musée Carnavalet / Roger-Viollet

03 - A ragpicker, morningtime, in Paris, Avenue des Gobelins
Eugène Atget
© Eugène Atget / BnF

04 - Poterne des peupliers, zone dwellers, Paris' 13th arrondissement
Eugène Atget
© Eugène Atget / BnF

05 - Porte d'Asnières, cité Trébert : ragpickers
Eugène Atget
© Eugène Atget / BnF

06 - Mouffetard district: ragpicker
Eugène Atget
© Musée Carnavalet / Roger-Viollet

Eugène Atget

Eugène Atget was born in 1857 on the outskirts of Bordeaux to a family of coachbuilders. He was orphaned at the age of five and was raised by his grandparents. He wanted to work in the theatre and ended up entering the Conservatoire in 1879. However, his acting career did not take off, and a throat illness forced him to give up the stage. He then devoted himself to painting, without much success, and then to photography, supplying documentary sources to painters.

Having set up his own business in 1890, he became absorbed in old Paris and its environs, in the small trades and in shop fronts. Various organizations and institutions began to take an interest in his work and commissioned photographs of architecture and gardens. From the First World War onwards, he devoted himself mainly to classifying his work, which consisted of over 8,000 photographs. In his latter years, in the 1920s, he met Man Ray who bought photos from him and published them in La Révolution Surréaliste. He then met Berenice Abbott who went on to devote a large part of her life to championing his work.

A very fine exhibition devoted to Atget is available online on the Web site of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.